Tuesday, January 29, 2008

George the Goose


Look alikes of George the Goose- may he rest in peace, the old devil!

Aunt Pearl once lived in a Houston house that was surrounded by a 5 foot chain link fence complete with a chain link gate at the driveway. Somewhere she acquired an emden goose who jealously guarded his domain against all intruders. Emdens are the largest breed of domestic geese and George was an unusually large specimen. He also enjoyed the longest neck I ever saw when it was fully extended to hiss and attack, and he could inflict a very painful twisting bite with his powerful beak.

George was a perfect guard dog. At the sight of any human or dog passerby on the street or a visitor drive up to the gate entrance, George would loudly honk an alarm. If anyone dared to open the gate, George would immediately go into attack mode, stretching his neck out and hissing like a steam engine. If the intruder was brave enough to try to approach the porch, George would circle behind them and give them a vicious bite. The bite was bad enough but he would then twist while biting and make it even more painful. He earned the enmity of all family members and other visitors. Family and friends learned to carry a long stick with which to fend off the goose when they went to Aunt Pearl's house. The only living creatures that George tolerated were the residents of the home.

Aunt Pearl purchased a home that was not fully fenced so she took George to the Sabinal farm to live with Grandma and Grandpa (in the fenced chicken yard). We feared that he would attack the elders but he immediately bonded with my grandparents, especially Grandma. He was so tame with her that she allowed him free run about the place. George followed her around like a puppy, but woe to any of us who came to visit. It was long stick time again. Even so, some of us were badly bitten by the old devil.

My grandma was deeply religious and not only said her bedtime prayers but had daily prayers behind the barn. George would follow her back there and stand beside her as she prayed. He would gabble softly during her prayer session and Grandma joked that George was praying too. They shared their prayer meetings until the old fellow died. Grandma grieved over his death but most of the family secretly rejoiced. The scourge of the farm yard was finally gone!

Unfortunately the guard dog was also gone; later events proved to be tragic when intruders prowled around the isolated farm house and terrified my grandma. As much as we hated George, we then wished he had still been there. George would have sent those wetbacks skedaddling. He was a good guard dog. I hope he has lovely swamps and plenty of goosey wives in goose heaven.



http://en.wikipedia.com/wiki/Emden_geese


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Saturday, January 26, 2008

Memories - Baklava

There are many things in life that trigger memories of the past. A song, a scent, a glimpse of a face in passing, certain foods....


I am an uncontrolled diabetic, largely my own fault because I often fail to adhere to the regime my diabetic doctor has ordered. Sweets are prohibited but the diabetic
nutritionist said that I could have an occasional treat if I cut down on the next meal. Right.

For a party, Dottie had purchased an assortment of confections to serve. Some of the baklava bites were left over. She gave them to me with considerable reservations, but I assured her I would be sensible. I tried! But oh, the temptation! I adore baklava. Layer upon layer of delicate, crisp phyllo laced with ground or chopped nuts and soaked in simple syrup or honey. Sinfully sweet and about a kazillion calories. I prefer those made with simple syrup because the honey is too cloyingly sweet.
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I tried to resist the temptation to pork, but the devil whispered over my shoulder.Like the joke where someone advised a tempted woman, "Tell him to get behind me, Satan!" and the woman replied, "I did, but he whispered over my shoulder."
In spite of my good intentions, the devil made me do it; he reminded me about how delicious the baklava would be. I pigged until the extreme sweetness became too much. Then a day or two later, temptation again. Oh me! I am such a weak kneed wimp!
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Although I pigged out, I did not gobble in a gluttonous frenzy. I sat dreamily, savoring each tiny bite and I remembered. I remembered being served baklava with tiny cups of strong Arabic coffee in north African homes of my Arab friends. Their faces were vivid in my mind, the details of their homes and decor of each, the soft guttural gabble of Arabic as they spoke in asides to each other. I remembered the shy, dark eyed children peeking around the doors to see the foreign woman and in memory heard their high pitched giggles as they scampered away when I looked at them. In memory I saw the hot, dusty Mediterranean countryside, the ragged palms, the brilliant palette of colors in the massed spills of bougainvillia over ochre walls. I saw the riven peaks of mountains clothed in dark evergreens and the incredible blue of the Mediterranean Sea as it lapped against exquisite beige beaches. Memory images crowded upon more and more images as I slowly savored a forbidden bite. In memory I took a time travel visit to yesterday, a yesterday a quarter of a century past. Time travel ticketed by the taste of baklava.

It was wonderful.

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Friday, January 11, 2008

Sinkhole Nightmares - Definition- Examples

Sinkhole in street of my neighborhood:
Sinkhole in Belfort street -1-28-o8. In center line of two lanes, extending about 3 feet across at
left lane from center line. Spider web of deep cracks, depressed in middle.

3:30 P.M.. Swerved widely to avoid edge when passing it (holes often shelve back from surface layer of pavement or soil and will break off ). Retraced route about 6:30 P.M. and area of sink encompassed entire left lane and few feet on right lane; barricaded by street dept. I will not pass that way again until repairs are completed! Brrrr!

2-03-08- City placed large metal slabs across the sinkhole. Covered a large amount of both lanes. Later in day crews had covered the edges of the metal slabs with asphalt, presumably to protect motorists tires. I drove on far right of 2nd lane, right against curb. I don't know what's under those metal slabs.

3-08 - city asphalted over entire two lanes, making the area of the metal slabs even with rest of street. I have become paranoid about every crack, split and chug hole in the street. I HATE sinkholes.

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Sinkholes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkholes

A sinkhole, also known as a sink, shake hole, swallow hole, swallet, doline or cenote, is a natural depression or hole in the surface topography caused by the removal of soil or bedrock, often both, by water. Sinkholes may vary in size from less than a meter to several hundred meters both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. They may be formed gradually or suddenly, and are found worldwide.

Mechanisms of formation may include the gradual removal of slightly soluble bedrock (such as limestone) by percolating water, the collapse of a cave roof, or a lowering of the water table. Occasionally a sinkhole may exhibit a visible opening into a cave below. In the case of exceptionally large sinkholes, such as Cedar Sink at Mammoth Cave National Park, USA, a stream or river may be visible across its bottom flowing from one side to the other.
Sinkholes near the Dead Sea, formed by dissolution of underground salt by incoming freshwater, as a result of a continuing sea level drop.
Sinkholes near the Dead Sea, formed by dissolution of underground salt by incoming freshwater, as a result of a continuing sea level drop.
Sinkholes near the Dead Sea, formed by dissolution of underground salt by incoming freshwater, as a result of a continuing sea level drop.

Sinkholes may capture surface drainage for running or standing water, but may also form in currently high and dry locations. [...] Sinkholes can be formed in retention ponds from large amounts of rain.
[...]
Sinkholes are usually but not always linked with karst landscapes. In such regions, there may be hundreds or even thousands of sinkholes in a small area so that the surface as seen from the air looks pock-marked, and there are no surface streams because all drainage occurs sub-surface.
[...]
Sinkholes also form from human activity, such as the rare but still occasional collapse of abandoned mines in places like West Virginia, USA. More commonly, sinkholes occur in urban areas due to water main breaks or sewer collapses when old pipes give way. They can also occur from the overpumping and extraction of groundwater and subsurface fluids.
A special type of sinkhole - formed by rainwater leaking through the pavement and carrying dirt into a ruptured sewer pipe.
A special type of sinkhole - formed by rainwater leaking through the pavement and carrying dirt into a ruptured sewer pipe.
A special type of sinkhole - formed by rainwater leaking through the pavement and carrying dirt into a ruptured sewer pipe.
[...]
When sinkholes are very deep or connected to caves, they may offer challenges for experienced cavers or, when water-filled, divers. Some of the most spectacular are the Zacatón cenote in Mexico (the world's deepest water-filled sinkhole), the Boesmansgat sinkhole in South Africa, Sarisariñama tepuy in Venezuela, and in the town of Mount Gambier, South Australia.

[edit] See also

* Cenote
* Great Blue Hole
* Karst topography
* Foiba
* Pipe Creek Sinkhole
* Sarisariñama
* Voçoroca
* Sinkhole Dersios
* Zacatón

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PhotobucketSinkhole at Winter Park, Florida (1981) that formed catastrophically in the time span of one day. The city of Winter Park stabilized and sealed the sinkhole, converting it into an urban lake. These features occur in what is known as karst topography, which is common in Florida, Kentucky, Missouri, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee. Photograph by A. S. Navoy.

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You Tube Video:

Sinkhole in Desert

Video Description

A huge sinkhole in the middle of the desert. It is over a hundred feet wide and a hundred feet deep. It's really trippy.

Personal Message

sinkhole in desert-

Thanks,
worriedamerican


© 2008 YouTube, In

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Photo: Reef-ringed blue hole in Caribbean Sea


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Blue Hole, Lighthouse Reef, Belize (map), 2002
Photograph by David Doubilet

Approximately 60 miles (100 kilometers) from Belize City, the almost perfectly circular Blue Hole is more than 1,000 feet (305 meters) across and some 400 feet (123 meters) deep.

The hole is the opening to what was a dry cave system during the Ice Age. When the ice melted and the sea level rose, the caves were flooded, creating what is now a magnet for intrepid divers.

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You Tube Video:

Sinkhole Swallowing a Lake

Video Description

Amani Channel reports on a sink hole that's drinking a lake.

Personal Message

sinkhole swallows lake

Thanks,
worriedamerican

Giant Sinkhole Swallowing Florida Lake

Wednesday, June 21, 2006

LAKELAND, Fla. — Hundreds of residents living around Scott Lake can only watch and wait to see whether their lake — and a few homes — will be swallowed by a giant sinkhole.

The sinkhole opened last Thursday at the south end of the lake, and has been growing at a rate of six-to-eight inches a day. In the process, a home, several docks, swimming pools and backyard gazebos have been destroyed.

Polk County officials say there is nothing that can be done, and that it is simply an unfortunate act of nature.

"My understanding is, if it's a natural phenomena, it's not the county's responsibility," said Jay Jarvis, drainage manager with the Polk County Natural Resources Division.


© 2008 YouTube, Inc.



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You Tube Video

Video Description

http://www.witntv.com/home/headlines/12521756.html

An Onslow County woman is losing her home to a sinkhole.

We first showed you the hole in October. It was seven inches. It's now seven feet.

Stephanie Werner's home is being torn apart, forcing her to move out. Her neighbors are now concerned as well, as the sinkhole grows deeper and deeper. Emergency services says that sinkholes are actually common to the area, although they take hundreds of thousands of years to develop.

Werner says It has been very stressful, and a big headache.

The Red Cross has helped her with an apartment and a part time job.

Now Werner needs the $5,000 for an engineer to come out and figure out what is causing the problem. Her insurance does not cover sinkholes.

Personal Message

sinkhole gradually swallowing house


Thanks,
worriedamerican


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Sinkholes in Central Florida

Sinkholes ruining homes in region

Houses with cracking walls and snapping trusses. A bank with a sinking drive-through lane.

Hole swallowing Apopka home could be sinkhole

An Apopka family's home is slowly being swallowed by a 30-foot sinkhole.

Winter Park sinkhole's notoriety still unmatched

As large as it seems, the sinkhole threatening the Woodhill apartments in west Orange County is much smaller and far less damaging than Winter Park's infamous sinkhole of 1981. On May 8 that year, Mae Rose Owens noticed the ground collapsing around her three-bedroom home on West Comstock Avenue. By the next day, the sinkhole had swallowed her house, five Porsches and half of the city's Olympic-sized swimming pool. It ate away part of Denning Drive and threatened Fairbanks Avenue.

Filling Deltona sinkhole, dealing with debris it swallowed will be tricky

Filling the abyss left by a sinkhole will require almost surgeonlike skill when dump trucks and backhoes slowly and carefully begin replacing the earth below Howland Boulevard next week.

Avoid sinkhole tests, experts say

After two giant sinkholes destroyed three houses in the past month, the usual creaks and groans in homes have many Central Floridians calling engineers.

Sinkhole threatens homes

A pothole that appeared in one of this city's main roadways six days ago collapsed into a major sinkhole Saturday, swallowing up five lanes of new pavement, temporarily forcing families from 20 homes, and briefly knocking out power to 2,000 customers.

Sinkhole swallowed homes, dreams

Bill Stroud's house is cracked in two.

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Sinkhole yawns with car at bottom

With a gas station cordoned off and gasoline removed, experts ponder how to remove the Toyota and contain the growth.

By SUZANNAH GONZALES
© St. Petersburg Times
published February 13, 2003

View related 10 News video:
56k | High-Speed


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[For the Times: Paul Pilney]
The rear end is all that can be seen of Suzanne Bynes' Toyota after it was swallowed by a sinkhole that opened up at the Marathon gas station on U.S. 41 just north of Citrus Springs in Citrus County. With the property cordoned off, experts worked Wednesday to determine how to retrieve the car.
CITRUS SPRINGS -- The large sinkhole that consumed a Toyota Corolla at a gas station Tuesday evening continued to grow Wednesday with the car still below. And the problem was spreading to other areas on the property.

Officials estimated that the hole had grown to 35 feet in circumference and just over 40 feet deep.

It's still moving, said Ruth "Rusty" Harry, emergency management coordinator for the Citrus County Sheriff's Office.

Inside the Marathon gas station at U.S. 41 and County Road 39, a straight crack had formed on the floor near the cash register counter. Outside, the pavement had cracked in spots.

With the property cordoned off with yellow tape and drivers slowing to peek at the hole, geologists, contractors and engineers worked Wednesday to determine how to pull out the car and rectify the problem.

"We've got to stop the hole from growing," Harry said.

Harry explained that the hole may be filled in with debris or concrete.

Three thousand gallons of gasoline had been removed from four underground tanks by 6 a.m. Wednesday, eliminating the possibility of fire or a gas spill, according to the county's public safety director, Charles Poliseno.

Afterward, fire officials from the Citrus Springs and DeRosa volunteer departments vacated the scene.

Poliseno said the canopy over the two gas pumps still could collapse. The area still is not completely stable, officials said.

The sinkhole, which some described as unusually large for the county, is the result of a process that has been happening for thousands of years, said Paul Pilny, a soil scientist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service.

"If you peel back the surface, you are going to find holes all over the county," Pilny said. He said the underground looks like a natural sponge.

Acids in rain eat away at rock, forming a crack, and vibrations from traffic above can accelerate the process, Pilny explained. When water starts to enter the crack, the crack gets larger and a cavity starts to form, he said.

Rainwater accumulates in the cavity, creating a lot of water weight in the soils above, Pilny said.

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[Times photo: Ron Thompson]
USDA soil scientist Paul Pilny checks ground samples Wednesday near a sinkhole that opened under a Marathon gas station on U.S. 41 north of Citrus Springs. A car leaving the station was swallowed by the 40-foot-deep sinkhole.
Officials believe the recent rains probably caused the top to cave in.

Suzanne Bynes of Beverly Hills didn't know any of this Tuesday evening. She just thought she may have hit a pot hole.

Bynes had just finished putting $9.30 worth of gas in her car about 5 p.m. Tuesday, and drove forward about 25 feet. [...]

The car jolted. They felt whiplash.

Then Bynes, 44, tried twice to gun the car in reverse. It wouldn't move.

Knowing something was wrong, Carmine jumped out of the car and yelled: "Mom, get out of the car right now." [...]

She remembers that the front end of the car was tilting down.

[...]

-- Suzannah Gonzales can be reached at 860-7312 or sgonzales@sptimes.com.


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You Tube Video:

Sinkhole near Avon

Video Description

A huge sinkhole we found near Avon

Personal Message

sinkhole - avon 15x12

Thanks,
worriedamerican


© 2008 YouTube, In
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Ancient Sinkholes = Caves
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Interior view of cave/sinkhole

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Foiba

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search
Simple scheme of a foiba
Simple scheme of a foiba
For the killings that involved throwing victims into foibe or similar formations during World War II, see Foibe massacres.

Foiba (Italian plural foibe) is the name adopted to define deep natural sinkholes common in the Kras (Carso) region, a karstic plateau region shared by Italy, Slovenia and Croatia. The name is derived from the Latin fovea (chasm); they are indeed chasms excavated by water's erosion, have the shape of an inverted funnel, and can be up to 200 meters deep. Such formations number in the hundreds in Istria.

This name, especially in Italy, is commonly associated to mass killings perpetrated by Yugoslav partisans during and shortly after World War II against ethnic Italians, Fascists and other real or perceived enemies.


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Cenotes:
cenotes
http://en.wikipedia.org.wiki/Cenotes

[edited for length - excerpts from]

A cenote (pronounced in Mexican Spanish [seˈnoˌte] and in English [səˈnəʊˌteɪ], plural: cenotes; from Yucatec Maya dzonot) is a type sinkhole containing groundwater typically found in the Yucatán Peninsula and some nearby Caribbean islands.

Definition and description

Cenotes are surface connections to subterranean water bodies [1]. While the most well-known cenotes are large open water pools measuring tens of metres in diameter, such as those at Chichén Itzá, the greatest number of cenotes are smaller sheltered sites and do not necessarily have any surface exposed water. The term cenote has also been used to describe similar karst features in other countries such as Cuba and Australia, in addition to the more generic term of sinkholes.

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Cavers enter sinkholes/cenotes to explore cave systems. Divers enter flooded cenotes to explore the flooded cave systems below. Photos below.

Cenotes: Underwater views:






You Tube Video:
Cenote Diving

Video Description

Cenotes are limestone sinkholes in the Yucatan Peninsula, and have magical light and formations. In this video you can clearly see the blurring from moving through the halocline (where fresh meets salt water) at about 1:35.

Personal Message

sinkhole diving

Thanks,
worriedamerican


© 2008 YouTube, Inc.


You Tube Video:

Cenote Diving; Dos Ojos

Video Description

Shot at about 20' underwater in Dos Ojos Cenote near Akumal on the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico.

Personal Message

cenote diving -dos ojos

Thanks,
worriedamerican


© 2008 YouTube, Inc.



Cenotes: Surface views:


Sacred Cenote..........................................photo



Labels:


Wednesday, January 09, 2008

Sink Hole Nightmares - Guatamala City, Sao Paulo, et al

Unidentified hole:


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One of my terrible phobias and nightmares - sinkholes. It is a absolute betrayal of trust for the solid earth to collapse under us, on a par with terra firma becoming terra jello during a quake.

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A view of a sinkhole in a poor neighborhood in Guatemala City, Tuesday, April 10, 2007. Residents that live close to the sinkhole, that killed three people and swallowed about a dozen homes on Feb. 28,  are worried about more slides as the rainy season approaches. From AP Photo by Rodrigo Abd.


By JUAN CARLOS LLORCA, Associated Press Writer

GUATEMALA CITY, Guatemala - A 330-foot-deep sinkhole killed at least two teenagers as it swallowed about a dozen homes early Friday and forced the evacuation of nearly 1,000 people in a crowded Guatemala City neighborhood. Officials blamed the sinkhole on recent rains and an underground sewage flow from a ruptured main.

The pit emitted foul odors, loud noises and tremors, shaking the surrounding ground. A rush of water could be heard from its depths, and authorities feared it could widen or others could open up.

Rescue operations were on hold until a firefighter, suspended from a cable, could take video and photos above the hole and officials could use the documentation to decide how to proceed.

The dead were identified as Irma and David Soyos, emergency spokesman Juan Carlos Bolanos said. Their bodies were found near the sinkhole, floating in a river of sewage.

Their father, Domingo, was still missing, according to disaster coordinator Hugo Hernandez.


Top Hole


Front Hole


Side Hole




Side 2 - Hole


Soldiers peer into hole.

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Sinkhole at Winter Park, Florida (1981) that formed catastrophically in the time span of one day. The city of Winter Park stabilized and sealed the sinkhole, converting it into an urban lake. These features occur in what is known as karst topography, which is common in Florida, Kentucky, Missouri, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee. Photograph by A. S. Navoy.

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Sinkhole - near Sao Paulo Brazil

First body recovered from Brazil's metro tunnel collapse

SAO PAULO: Rescuers early Monday recovered the first body of at least seven victims of a major metro construction site accident in Sao Paulo, fire department officials reported.

As many as seven people are believed to have been buried inside a giant sinkhole that opened at a metro construction site in South America's biggest city. Rescuers said they spotted three other victims fatally swallowed by the sinkhole, but did not retrieve the bodies because they deemed it too risky.

"There's a danger of more shifting" in the ground, said fire chief Joao dos Santos, head of rescue operations since the sinkhole opened up on Friday.

The body recovered was identified as 75-year-old Abigail Rossi de Azevedo, who was swallowed by the sinkhole when passing near the construction site on her way to a medical appointment.



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You Tube Video:

Sinkhole Opens in Highway; Car Falls In



watch video

Video Description

Car falls into sink hole

Personal Message

sinkhole opens in highway - car falls in sinkhole.

Thanks,
worriedamerican


© 2008 YouTube,

Highway Collapses:
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Sinkholes swallowing homes:


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You Tube Video

Video Description

http://www.witntv.com/home/headlines/12521756.html

An Onslow County woman is losing her home to a sinkhole.

We first showed you the hole in October. It was seven inches. It's now seven feet.

Stephanie Werner's home is being torn apart, forcing her to move out. Her neighbors are now concerned as well, as the sinkhole grows deeper and deeper. Emergency services says that sinkholes are actually common to the area, although they take hundreds of thousands of years to develop.

Werner says It has been very stressful, and a big headache.

The Red Cross has helped her with an apartment and a part time job.

Now Werner needs the $5,000 for an engineer to come out and figure out what is causing the problem. Her insurance does not cover sinkholes.

Personal Message

sinkhole gradually swallowing house


Thanks,
worriedamerican


.......................................................

Sinkholes in Central Florida

Winter Park sinkhole's notoriety still unmatched

As large as it seems, the sinkhole threatening the Woodhill apartments in west Orange County is much smaller and far less damaging than Winter Park's infamous sinkhole of 1981. On May 8 that year, Mae Rose Owens noticed the ground collapsing around her three-bedroom home on West Comstock Avenue. By the next day, the sinkhole had swallowed her house, five Porsches and half of the city's Olympic-sized swimming pool. It ate away part of Denning Drive and threatened Fairbanks Avenue.

Filling Deltona sinkhole, dealing with debris it swallowed will be tricky

Filling the abyss left by a sinkhole will require almost surgeonlike skill when dump trucks and backhoes slowly and carefully begin replacing the earth below Howland Boulevard next week.

Avoid sinkhole tests, experts say

After two giant sinkholes destroyed three houses in the past month, the usual creaks and groans in homes have many Central Floridians calling engineers.

Sinkhole threatens homes

A pothole that appeared in one of this city's main roadways six days ago collapsed into a major sinkhole Saturday, swallowing up five lanes of new pavement, temporarily forcing families from 20 homes, and briefly knocking out power to 2,000 customers.

Sinkhole swallowed homes, dreams

Bill Stroud's house is cracked in two.

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Labels:


Sinkholes - Endangered Earth

http://www.thelivingmoon.com/45jack_files/03files/Endangered_Earth_Sinkhole_Florida.html

Endangered Earth
Sinkholes
Winter Park, Florida
May 9, 1981
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Collapse sinkholes, such as this one in Winter Park, Florida (1981), may develop abruptly (over a period of hours) and cause catastrophic damage Credit USGS

The sudden and sometimes catastrophic subsidence associated with localized collapse of subsurface cavities (sinkholes) (fig. 8) is detailed in two case studies. This type of subsidence is commonly triggered by ground-water-level declines caused by pumping and by enhanced percolation of ground water. Collapse features tend to be associated with specific rock types, such as evaporites (salt, gypsum, and anhydrite) and carbonates (limestone and dolomite) (fig. 9). These rocks are susceptible to dissolution in water and the formation of cavities Salt and gypsum are much more soluble than limestone, the rock type most often associated with catastrophic sinkhole formation.

Evaporite rocks underlie about 35 to 40 percent of the United States, though in many areas they are buried at great depths (Martinez and others, 1998). Natural solution-related subsidence has occured in each of the major salt basins in the United States (Ege, 1984). The high solubilities of salt and gypsum permit cavities to form in days to years, whereas cavity formation in carbonate bedrock is a very slow process that generally occurs over centuries to millennia. Human activities can expedite cavity formation in these susceptible materials and trigger their collapse, as well as the collapse of pre-existing subsurface cavities. Though the collapse features tend to be highly localized, their impacts can extend beyond the collapse zone via the potential introduction of contaminants to the ground-water system. Two cavity-collapse case studies — Retsof, New York, and west-central Florida — document human-induced cavity collapses in salt and limestone, respectively.

SOURCE: USGS Land Subsidence in the United States

Winter Park, Florida
..
Photograph by A. S. Navoy.
Sinkhole at Winter Park, Florida (1981) that formed catastrophically in the time span of one day. The city of Winter Park stabilized and sealed the sinkhole, converting it into an urban lake. These features occur in what is known as karst topography, which is common in Florida, Kentucky, Missouri, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee.
Florida Sinkholes
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Two Sinkholes in Florida that were very selective.

Florida has more sinkholes than any other state...

Sinkholes: What is a sinkhole?

Sinkholes are depressions or holes in the land surface that occur throughout west central Florida. They can be shallow or deep, small or large, but all are a result of the dissolving of the underlying limestone.

Hydrologic conditions, including lack of rainfall, lowered water levels, or, conversely, excessive rainfall in a short period of time, can all contribute to sinkhole development. More facts about sinkholes can be found in the District’s Sinkhole Brochure.

View the Department of Environmental Protection's sinkhole database

Sinkholes are a common naturally occurring geologic phenomenon and one of the predominant land forms in Florida.

..
The Making of a Sinkhole

Many of the lakes in Florida are relic sinkholes. Sinkholes can be classified as geologic hazards sometimes causing extensive damage to structures and roads resulting in costly repairs. Sinkholes can also threaten water supplies by draining unfiltered water from streams, lakes and wetlands directly into the aquifer (underground water supply).
What if a sinkhole opens on my property?

  • If your home is threatened, contact your homeowners insurance company.
  • If extensive damage occurs to your house or property, notify the Office of Emergency Management for the county.
  • If desired, the resident may make contact with a private contractor to evaluate the hole to officially determine if it is a sinkhole.
Sinkhole data and maps:
Florida Department of Environmental Protection

More information about sinkholes:
Florida Sinkhole Research Institute

Contact the Institute at UCF’s Civil and Environmental Engineering Department
P.O. Box 162450, Orlando, FL 32816-2450
phone: (407) 823-2280

Sinkholes are a common feature of Florida's landscape. They are only one of many kinds of karst landforms, which include caves, disappearing streams, springs, and underground drainage systems, all of which occur in Florida. Karst is a generic term which refers to the characteristic terrain produced by erosional processes associated with the chemical weathering and dissolution of limestone or dolomite, the two most common carbonate rocks in Florida. Dissolution of carbonate rocks begins when they are exposed to acidic water. Most rainwater is slightly acidic and usually becomes more acidic as it moves through decaying plant debris.

Winter Park, Florida, 1981
Limestones in Florida are porous, allowing the acidic water to percolate through their strata, dissolving some limestone and carrying it away in solution. Over eons of time, this persistent erosional process has created extensive underground voids and drainage systems in much of the carbonate rocks throughout the state. Collapse of overlying sediments into the underground cavities produces sinkholes.

A picture of the side of a sinkhole showing its strata

A picture of a cave showing stalagtites and stalagmites When groundwater discharges from an underground drainage system, it is a spring, such as Wakulla Springs, Silver Springs, or Rainbow Springs. Sinkholes can occur in the beds of streams, sometimes taking all of the stream's flow, creating a disappearing stream. Dry caves are parts of karst drainage systems that are above the water table, such as Marianna Caverns.


A picture of a cave showing stalagtites and stalagmites

Suggested reading: Lane, Ed, 1986, Karst in Florida: Florida Geological Survey Special Publication 29, 100 p.

SOURCE: Florida Department of Environmental Protection's sinkhole database


Cover-collapse Sinkhole near Ocala , Florida
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Credit: Sinkhole.org
Existing Sinkholes Water Filled
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Blue Grotto is actually a sinkhole with good visibilty. Depths reach 100 ft. Upon entering the sink you will encounter a very large cavern with writing on the walls. At a depth of 30 feet there is a fresh air bell so you can take off your mask and breath some fresh air. Continuing down, there is a large shaft that slopes down at a 90 degree angle. At around 90 feet you will encounter silt that can be easily stired up. There are lights at 30 ft to illuminate the cavern. The owner, is very friendly and also manufactures dive, wreck and video lights...

Source: http://underwaterflorida.homestead.com/grotto.html

For More on the Underwater Sinkholes, Caves and Springs See Here
For More on Florida Caverns See Here


Google Look at Sinkholes
Avon Park , Florida
+27° 35' 52.48", -81° 29' 48.78"
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Avon Park Overview showing many existing water filled sinkholes. Most of Florida looks like this from satellite view
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Avon Park Closer View of some larger sinkholes
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Avon Park very deep and round sinkhole
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Avon Park, Northwest Corner... new sinkholes and signs of others ready to break open
Can "X-Ray Vision" (Advanced Visual Inspection Methodology) Indicate Imminent Sinkhole Collapse - Visual & Other Clues Indicating the Risk of Sinkholes in Florida, Texas, Pennsylvania & Elsewhere
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The bare minimum that a property owner needs to know about sinkholes or any other sudden subsidence of soils at a property is that these conditions might be very dangerous. Someone falling into a sink hole or into a collapsing septic tank could be seriously injured or even die. If a suspicious hole, subsidence, or depression appears at a property the owner should rope off and prevent access to the area to prevent anyone from falling into the opening, and then should seek prompt assistance from a qualified expert, geotechnical engineer, septic contractor, excavator, or the like.

Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, Repair, & Problem Prevention Advice - Huge Data Base on Sinkholes around the USA

Sinkhole Information Site

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